ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PREPARATIONS BASED ON STRAINS OF ASSOCIATE MICROORGANISMS IN INCREASING THE RESISTANCE OF FRUIT CROPS SEEDLINGS TO MYCOSES

Abstract

For developing highly productive gardens, the first years of plant growth most important, when plantsare planted in open ground as rooted rootstocks or seedlings of the 1st to 2nd year of development. For production of seedlings of fruit pome crops at different stages of their growth, it is promising to use preparations of associative microorganism strains. Based on the results of many years of experiments in the Non-Chernozem zone, it was found that biological preparations based on the B-10 VIZR strain of Bacillus subtilis and on Pseudomonas fluorescens are beneficial for young plants morphology (shoot formation) and for nutritional patterns (phosphorus mobilization), and based on the strain 26 D Bacillus subtilis and, on Trichoderma sp., for growth (height, increment) and for the photosynthetic activity of leaves. Phytolavin was found to enhance plant resistance to infectious diseases and the photosynthetic activity of leaves. Close direct relationships have been found between seedlings height and the biology of the strain of a microorganism (or a consortium of fungi and bacteria), drug dosage and leaves size. Inverse relationships are found between high soil humus content and mycoses. The use of biological products maintains high biodiversity in the soil and rhizosphere of plants. In experiments, changes were noticed in the structure of the micromycete community, the ratio between genera being changed. There was observed an increase in the abundance of fungi from the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Clonostachys, Paecilomyces, Talaromyces, and Penicillium, Trichoderma and a general decrease in the diversity of micromycetes from the genera Fusarium, Trichoderma, Clonostachys, and Paecilomyces. These findings confirms the successful competition of strains of fungi and bacteria included in their preparative form and the activation of soil fungistasis in the root zone of young plants.