MEDICINAL MUSHROOM SCIENCE: CURRENT PROSPECTS, ADVANCES, EVIDENCES, AND CHALLENGES

C.П. Вассер

Abstract


The present review addresses the current prospects, advances, challenges, and future development of medicinal mushroom science in the 21st century. A total of about 130 medicinal functions attributed to medicinal mushrooms and fungi include antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, detoxifying, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects. Many, if not all, higher Basidiomycete mushrooms contain biologically active compounds in their fruit bodies, cultured mycelium, and culture broth. Special attention is paid to mushroom polysaccharides. Data onmushroom polysaccharides and different secondary metabolites are available for about 700 species of higher Hetero- and Homobasidiomycetes. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes described from medicinal mushrooms are found to enhance the innate and cell-mediated immune responses and exhibit antitumor activities in animals and humans. Although the mechanism of their antitumor actions is still not completely understood, stimulation and modulation of host immune responses by these mushroom compounds is now under spotlight. Several of mushroom-derived compounds have passed Phase I, II, and III clinical trials and are now used extensively and successfully in Asia to treat various cancers and other diseases. Special attention is paid to important unsolved problems in studies of medicinal mushrooms.

Keywords


medicinal mushrooms, antioxidant activities, polysaccharides, beta-glucans, antitumor activity, immunomodulating activity, secondary metabolites.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i2.63

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