ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО СВЕТА НОЧЬЮ: НАРУШЕНИЕ ЦИРКАДНОГО РИТМА И МЕТАБОЛИЗМА

А.Р. Унжаков

Аннотация


Загрязнение среды в ночное время искусственным освещением считается глобальной экологической проблемой. Более 80% населения планеты подвергается световому загрязнению. Из-за широкого использования искусственного освещения в ночное время снижается надежность такого важнейшего фактора жизнедеятельности, как цикл свет/темнота. Клинические исследования выявляют тесную связь между циркадной дисфункцией и таким патологическим состоянием, как циркадный синдром. Этот недавно предложенный термин обозначает комплекс ключевых компонентов метаболического синдрома, включая ожирение, сахарный диабет и сопутствующие заболевания, приводящий к нарушениям сна, депрессии, стеатогепатиту и когнитивным дисфункциям. Световое загрязнение нарушает метаболические процессы у млекопитающих в зависимости от его интенсивности, длины волны, изменений естественного фотопериода и само зависит от вида, пола и рациона. Под воздействием искусственного света в ночное время происходит рассогласование процессов метаболизма из-за нарушений сна и суточного режима приема пищи, изменений уровней гормонов, таких как мелатонин, глюкокортикоиды. Следует подчеркнуть, что метаболические расстройства, вызванные искусственным светом ночью, не являются необратимыми. Предлагаются вполне доступные пути его устранения, такие как восстановление естественного цикла свет/темнота, включение мелатонина в рацион, питание, ограниченное по времени, ношение очков, блокирующих синий свет, терапия ярким утренним светом и т. д. Такие подходы открывают широкие возможности для смягчения последствий светового загрязнения.

Ключевые слова


световое загрязнение, циркадные ритмы, циркадная дисфункция, метаболизм.

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v16i3.952

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