ТОКСИНЫ ЯДА АФРИКАНСКИХ МАМБ (DENDROASPIS SP.) КАК АЛЛЕЛОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ АГЕНТЫ

Д.Б. Гелашвили, Е.Б. Романова

Аннотация


В обзоре рассмотрено современное состояние исследований уникального набора полипептидов яда африканских мамб. Приведена новейшая структурная классификация выделенных из яда мамб полипептидов: пептиды, стабилизированные тремя дисульфидными связями, , дендротоксины (dendrotoxins), ингибиторы трипсина (trypsin inhibitors), кальциклудин (calcicludine); пептиды, стабилизированные четырьмя дисульфидными связями, гомологичные «трехпальцевым» α-нейротоксинам из яда других змей α-нейротоксины (α-neurotoxins), мускариновые токсины (muscarinic toxins), фасцикулины (fasciculins), токсины ангустицепсинового типа (angusticeps type toxins), кальцисептины (calciseptines), мамбалгины (mambalgins). Отдельный класс объединяет полипептиды разных размеров и структур: натрийуретический пептид дендроасписа (Dendroaspis Natriuretic Peptide, DNP), мамбин (mambin: син. dendroaspin), кишечный токсин MIT1 (mamba intestinal toxin1). Обсуждены механизмы действия, разнообразие функций и области применения конкретных полипептидов. Уникальные белки и пептиды яда мамб воздействуют на клеточную мембрану и ассоциированные с ней белки/рецепторы, влияя тем самым на ключевые процессы жизнедеятельности клетки: передачу сигналов, клеточную адгезию, миграцию, пролиферацию и жизнеспособность клеток. Физиологическое действие на органы и ткани делает токсины яда мамб перспективными для использования в качестве лекарственных препаратов, действующих на клеточном и субклеточном уровнях. Успехи в изучении структуры и механизмов действия токсинов на специфические рецепторы в организме приближают к созданию лекарств нового поколения для обезболивания и лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и других терапевтических средств.

Ключевые слова


африканские мамбы, токсины яда, токсические полипептиды, аллелохимические агенты.

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v15i3.824

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