БОРЩЕВИКИ (РОД HERACLEUM L): PRO ET CONTRA

К.Г. Ткаченко

Аннотация


С родом растений Heracleum L. (борщевики) в широких кругах ассоциируются отрицательные последствия происходившего в 1940– 1970-е гг. внедрения борщевика Сосновского (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) в практику в качестве кормового растения, в результате чего в начале XXI в. это растение перешло в разряд инвазивных, что стало предметом многочисленных комментариев в масс-медиа. В настоящей статье обсуждены обычные ошибки в публикациях о борщевиках, в частности отмечено, что они размножаются только семенами, а не «корневищами» или «корневыми отпрысками», и не завезены к нам в 1960-е гг. из США. На основании знаний об особенностях биологии борщевика Сосновского рекомендованы методы борьбы с ним. Также показаны перспективные направления изучения и использования этого и других видов рода Heracleum, в частности, как кормовых и силосных и медоносных растений. Отмечено их значение как источника эфирных масел, обладающих антибактериальной, противогрибковой и антивирусной активностями и имеющих перспективу для использования в санации помещений различного назначения, и как лекарственных и пищевых растений. H. sosnowskyi находит признание как источник антигельминтных средств и сырья для производства картона. С учетом широкого распространения видов рода Борщевик сделан вывод о перспективности их дальнейшего изучения и внедрения достигнутых результатов в практику.

Ключевые слова


борщевик, Heracleum, инвазии, кормовые культуры, эфирные масла, антибиотические средства, лекарственные средства, антигельминтные средства, производство картона, химические продукты растительного происхождения, полезные растения, методы борьбы.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i2.60

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