ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПАРАДИГМ НАСЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ И ИХ ВЕДУЩАЯ РОЛЬ В СОЗДАНИИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ СЕЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

В.А. Драгавцев, С.И. Малецкий

Аннотация


В обзоре показана возрастающая роль эпигенетической парадигмы для формирования новых представлений о наследственности, генотипической изменчивости и развитии организмов и ее значение в создании инновационных технологий селекции. Дан анализ истории смены парадигм в учении о наследственности. Описано обнаружение нового важного феномена эпигенетической организации количественных признаков – смены спектра продуктов генов под одним и тем же признаком при смене лимитирующего фактора внешней среды – и показаны расшифрованные механизмы этого феномена. Новое знание о природе и механизмах эколого-генетического «устройства» компонентов продуктивности позволяет прогнозировать эффекты взаимодействия «генотип-среда», появление трансгрессий и экологически зависимого гетерозиса, сдвиги доминирования количественных признаков и сдвиги знаков и величин генотипических корреляций в разных средах и другие характеристики, необходимые для быстрого и эффективного конструирования новых сортов с высокой продуктивностью, устойчивостью и качеством продукции.

Ключевые слова


менделизм, парадигма, наследование, развитие, пелоризм, количественный признак, эпигенетика, полигены, локусы количественных признаков

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i2.56

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