ИНФЕКЦИЯ HELICOBACTER PYLORI – ГЛОБАЛЬНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

А.Б. Жебрун

Аннотация


Бактерия Helicobacter pylori, этиопатогенетический агент ряда «желудочных», включая рак желудка, и «внежелудочных» заболеваний, поражает более 50% населения планеты. Длительность эволюции этого микроорганизма в популяции человека – более 100 тысяч лет. Современному эпидемическому процессу инфекции H. pylori свойственны три закономерности: 1) зависимый от возраста характер заражения населения; 2) медленный процесс спонтанного освобождения населения от инфекции; 3) реинфицирование части выздоровевшего населения. Равнодействующая этих процессов приводит к постепенному снижению инфицированности населения в развитых странах (в последние три года к этому присоединилась Россия). В странах развивающегося мира сохраняется стабильно высокая инфицированность и высокая заболеваемость болезнями, ассоциированными с H. pylori. В настоящей статье приводятся данные о факторах риска заражения, «синергистах» и «антагонистах» инфекции H. pylori, а также о путях борьбы с ней. Актуальным вызовом медицинской науке остается создание вакцины против данной инфекции и решение вопроса о целесообразности медикаментозных мер массовой профилактики. Делается заключение, что медицинская наука и лечебные меры вносят важный вклад в освобождение человечества от инфекции H. pylori, но на современном этапе ведущую роль в этом деле играют уровень жизни и общественной и личной гигиены и культура содержания жилищ, питания и потребления спиртных напитков, обслуживания, физических контактов между людьми.

Ключевые слова


Helicobacter pylori, язвенная болезнь, рак желудка, факторы риска заражения.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i2.62

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