APPROACHES TO EXAMINING OF OBJECTS OF ACCUMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

Л.П. Капелькина, Т.В. Бардина

Abstract


The elimination of objects of accumulated harm to the environment is recognized as a state priority task. The multicomponent, heterogeneous and unknown composition of the disposed waste makes it difficult examine it. The main factors influencing the condition of the objects are the composition and properties of the disposed waste, the natural and climatic conditions of the area, and the time spent in the open air. A prerequisite for the implementation of works associated with the liquidation of such objects is research and engineering surveys carried out for comprehensive characterization of the composition and properties of waste and for ensuring the environmental safety of the objects. Research methods include full-scale (field) surveys of the location of objects and adjacent areas, sample collection and chemical analysis, and bioassays. It is acknowledged that the ecotoxicological assessment of waste samples with biotests using living organisms of different levels of organization must provide for assessing the degree of negative impacts of waste on the environment and for determine the hazard class of waste in order to develop measures for optimization of technogenic landscapes. Using waste disposed at landfills in the north-west of the Russian Federation as an example, an analysis of the environmental situation and the chemical properties of waste was carried out. Under washing water conditions, contaminants in landfill bodies were a source of increasing environmental hazard for many years. Even after the closure of landfills (conservation/recultivation), these objects may pose a significant potential threat because of the high migration potential of pollutants and gas formation in an object body during the decomposition of individual waste components. The inexpediency of the economic use of such territories in the first years after the end of waste storage is shown.

Keywords


accumulated environmental damage, objects and methods of research, field examination, chemical analysis, bioassay.


Как процитировать материал

References


Бардина ТВ, Чугунова МВ, Кулибаба ВВ, Бардина ВИ. Оценка экологического состояния почвогрунтов рекультивированного карьера с использованием методов биотестирования. Биосфера. 2020;12:1-11. http://21bs.ru/index.php/bio/article/view/539

Питулько ВМ, Кулибаба ВВ. Реновация природных систем и ликвидация объектов прошлого экологического ущерба. М: ИНФРА-М; 2017.

Олькова АС. Актуальные направления развития методологии биотестирования водных сред. Вода и экология: проблемы и решения. 2018;2:40-50. doi: 10.23968/2305–3488.2018.20.2.40–50

Соловьянов АА, Чернин СЯ. Ликвидация накопленного вреда окружающей среде в Российской Федерации. М.: Наука; 2017. 5 Терехова ВА. Биотестирование экотоксичности почв при химическом загрязнении: современные подходы к интеграции для оценки экологического состояния (обзор). Почвоведение. 2022;(5):1-14.

Bardina TB, Chugunova MV, Kulibaba VV, Bardina VI. [The use of biological testing approaches to assessing the ecological conditions оf soils in a reclaimed surface mine]. Biosfera. 2020;12:1-11. http://21bs.ru/index.php/bio/article/view/539 (in Russ.)

Pitulko VM, Kulibaba VV. Renovatsiya Prirodnykh Sistem i Likvidatsiya Obyektov Proshlogo Ekologicheskogo Uscherba [Renovation of Natural Systems and Elimination of Objects of Past Environmental Damage]. Moscow: INFRA-M; 2017. (in Russ.)

Olkova AS. [Current trends in the development of the methodology of bioassay aquatic environments]. Voda i Ekologiya Problemy i Resheniya. 2018;2:40-50. doi: 10.23968/2305–3488.2018.20.2.40–50 (in Russ.)

Solovyanov AA, Chernin SYa. Likvidatsiya Nakoplennogo Vreda Okruzhayuschey Srede v Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Elimination of Accumulated Harm to the Environment in the Russian Federation]. Moscow: Nauka; 2017. (in Russ.)

Terekhova VA. [Biotesting of soil ecotoxicity under chemical pollution: modern approaches to integration for assessing the ecological state (review)]. Pochvovedeniye. 2022;(5):1-14. (in Russ.)

Bardina TV, Chugunova MV, Kulibaba VV, Polyak YM, Bardina VI, Kapelkina LP. Applying bioassay methods for ecological assessment of the soils from the brownfield sites. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2017;228:351. doi: 10.1007/s11270-017-3521-3

Hagner M, Romantschuk M, Penttinen OP, Egfors A, Marchand C, Augustsson A. Assessing toxicity of metal contaminated soil from glassworks sites with a battery of biotests. Sci Total Environ. 2018;613-614:30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.121

Matejczyk M, Grazyn AP, Nałecz-Jawecki G, Ulfig K, Markowska-Szczupak A. 2011. Estimation of the environmental risk posed by landfills using chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological testing of leachates. Chemosphere. 82:1017-23, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.066

Nyholm N, Källqvist T. Methods for growth inhibition toxicity tests with freshwater algae. Environ Toxicol Chem. 1989;8:689-703. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620080807




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v15i3.827

© ФОНД НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ "XXI ВЕК"