MODELING THE AVERAGE HEIGHT OF STANDS OF TWO-NEEDLED PINES (SUBGENUS PINUS L.) IN CLIMATIC GRADIENTS OF EURASIA

В.А. Усольцев, И.С. Цепордей

Abstract


Due to climate changes and the attempts to stabilize it by including the biomass of managed forests in the carbon cycle, the role of easily measurable indicators that adequately reflect the biological productivity of stands is increasing. It is known that, among taxation indicators, stand height correlates most tightly with productivity. However, modeling the height of a stand in climatic gradients is being carried out currently only at regional levels within narrow ranges of climatic variables, which are taken into account separately while ignoring their combined effect as well as the age and cenotic structure of stands. As a result, the apparent correlations between stand heights and climatic variables are weak or absent. We attempted to find out how much the ability of climatic variables to explain the variation in the average height of stands is increased when the range of climatic variables is expanded up to the transcontinental level. We used the results of 2390 measurements of the average height of natural stands and plantations of two-needled pines (subgenus Pinus L.) obtained from the original authors’ database. A model of changes in the average tree height over geographically distributed temperatures and precipitation levels in Eurasia has been developed, its significance level corresponding to p < 0.001. For the first time, the effect of the Liebig-Shelford law of limiting factor was revealed at the transcontinental level: in the regions of a sufficient moisture, the lack of heat is the limiting factor of stand growth, whereas upon the transition to the regions of insufficient moisture, the limiting factor changes to heat excess. It was found that taxation indicators and climatic variables explain 86% and about 11%, respectively, of stand height variability. Anything else being equal, the average height of pine plantations is 5% above that of the natural stands. By applying the principle of space-for-time substitution to the model, we showed that, with an expected increase in January temperature by 1 °C, the average height of stands can increase by 1–3% in conditions of sufficient moisture and decrease by 0.5–1.6% in conditions of insufficient moisture. Accordingly, in the case of a decrease in average annual precipitation by 20 mm, the average height may increase by 0.9–2.9% in the areas of insufficient heat supply and decrease by 0.6–1.7% in the areas of sufficient heat supply.

Keywords


tree stand height, Eichhorn law, the Liebig-Shelford law of limiting factor, temperature and precipitation gradients, the principle of space-for-time substitution.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v15i2.804

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