EMERGY ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS EXEMPLIFIED WITH TREATMENT FACILITIES IN KARGASOK VILLAGE (TOMSK REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)

О.С. Полякова, С.Ю. Семенов

Abstract


Evaluation of the efficiency of construction and functioning of production and bioengineering facilities is necessary in economic planning as it allows to assess the expedience of a project at the planning stage and to minimize its operation costs. Currently, such evaluations are based primarily on costs and energy expenditures, which do not reflect the environmental impacts. The emergetic analysis, which is a branch of energy analysis, provides for assessing such impacts. In the present work this analysis was applied to three wastewater treatment systems in the village Kargasok of Tomsk Region (the Russian Federation): the conventional intensive treatment plant and two stages of its supplementation with constructed wetlands. The analysis suggests that the completed complex of treatment facilities has the minimum impact on the environment, whereas the maximum impact is produced by the initial intensive treatment facility. In addition to the traditional emergetic indices (EYR, ELR and ESI), the parameter EEE (emergy ecological efficiency) was used. This parameter was introduced because wastewater is a highly valuable resource. This is currently not generally recognized by society (wastewater is mostly neutralized, not disposed of), and thus is not considered in developing of wastewater treatment technologies. EEE characterizes the extent of a decrease in load on the biosphere due to the development of a treatment facility. The first wetland plot constructed positive for a beneficial effect of +41.2%, which was increased by only 3% due to the second plot. Some hypothetical options for wastewater treatment were also considered. For example, the most radical method of wastewater treatment is their distillation, which produces an adverse environmental effect of 286%. The best option for wastewater management seems to provide hot water supply to residential premises, which makes a beneficial environmental effect amounting to 58.5%.

Keywords


emergy analysis, sewage treatment facilities, wastewater, environmental efficiency


Как процитировать материал

References


Барышникова НВ, Павлова МА, Моисеева РИ, Макаревич ЕВ. Биологическая очистка сточных вод на канализационных очистных сооружениях Мурманской области. Успехи современного естествознания. 2011;(8):21-2.

Воронов ЮВ, Яковлев СВ. Водоотведение и очистка сточных вод. М.: Издательство Ассоциации строительных вузов; 2006.

Полякова ОС, Семенов СЮ. Эмергетический анализ и опыт его использования для оценки антропогенных и природных систем. Принципы экологии. 2021;(2):4-20.

Чижов СГ. Как изменилась очистка сточных вод в России за последние 10 лет? Россия в окружающем мире. 2008;(11):97-119.

Baryshnikova NV, Pavlova MA, Moiseeva RI, Makarevich YeV. [Biological wastewater treatment at sewage treatment plants in Murmansk region]. Uspekhi Sovremennogo Yestesstvoznaniya. 2011;(8):21-22. (In Russ.)

Voronov YuV, Yakovlev SV. Vodootvedeniye i Ochistka Stochnykh Vod. [Water Disposal and Wastewater Treatment]. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Assotsiatsii Stroitelnykh Vuzov; 2006. (In Russ.)

Polyakova OS, Semenov SYu. [Emergy analysis and experience of its use for assessing anthropogenic and natural systems]. Printsity Ekologii. 2021;(2): 4-20. (In Russ.)

Chizhov S. G. [How has wastewater treatment changed in Russia over the past 10 years?] Rossiya v Okruzhayuschem Mire. 2008;(11):97-119. (In Russ.)

Buranakarn V. Evaluation of recycling and reuse of building materials using the emergy analysis method. Dissertation. University of FLorida, Gainesville, 1998.

Chen B, Chen ZM, Zhou Y, Zhou JB, Chen GQ. Emergy as embodied energy-based assessment for local sustainability of a constructed wetland in Beijing. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat. 2009;14:622-35.

Kangas PC. Folio # 5: Emergy of Landforms. Handbook of Emergy Evaluation: A Compendium of Data for Emergy Computation Issued in a Series of Folios. Gainesville, FI: Center for Environmental Policy, University of Florida; 2002.

Mitsch W, Gosselink J, Anderson C, Zhang L Wetland Ecosystems. New-York: Wiley, 2009.

Nelson M, Odum HT, Brown MT, Alling A. “Living off the land”: Resource efficiency of wetland wastewater treatment. Adv Space Res. 2001;27:1547-56.

Odum HT. Emergy evalution. In: International Workshop on Advances in Energy Studies: Energy Flows in Ecology and Economy. Porto Venere, Italy; 1998.

Odum НT. Environmental Accounting, Emergy, and Environmental Decision Making. NY: Wiley; 1996.

Odum HT. Environment, Power and Society. NY: John Wiley; 1971.

Polyakova OS, Semenov SY. Emergy analysis of wastewater treatment technology. In: Eur Proc Soc Behav Sci. Tomsk; 2017. P. 784-71.

Vassallo P, Paoli C. Emergy required for the complete treatment of municipal wastewater. Ecol Engineering. 2009;35:687-94.

Ishikawa K. What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way. London, Prentice Hall, 1985.

Zhou JB, Jiang MM, Chen B, Chen GQ. Emergy evaluations for constructed wetland and conventional wastewater treatments. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat. 2009;14:1781-9.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v14i2.668

© ФОНД НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ "XXI ВЕК"