THE PROBLEMS OF UPDATING AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS REGION

Е.В. Абакумов, Е.Н. Моргун

Abstract


Agricultural practices in agrocenoses of different ages and in fallow lands of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region of the Russian Federation were studied with account for post-agrogenic transformations of soils under cryogenic conditions. Agricultural practices in the YNAR are much consistent with those in Finnish Lapland, Southern Greenland, and remote fishing villages in Alaska. Well-drained areas with sandy, light and medium loamy, sod-meadow or sod-podzolic soils, which are easily warmed and not floating in cases of heavy rainfall, are selected for gardens and fields. The depth of permafrost is reduced in plowed areas and depends on the age of their development. The content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the upper layer of fallow soils remains very high even through 5-20 years. The use of agricultural techniques, including mulching, drainage, and application of manure and compost derived from fish, increases soil fertility. Currently, agriculture in YNAR decays for such reasons as remoteness (logistics problems), dependence on weather conditions, difficulties in field cultivation, lack of market for agricultural products, and limited choice of products due to natural conditions and the specifics of the agricultural industry. The small indigenous peoples and the landscapes of the North are inseparable and may be sustainable only based on the traditional ways of life harmonized with the natural and social environments.

Keywords


Agricultural practices, agroecosystems, fallow soils, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region, permafrost

References


Абакумов ЕВ, Моргун ЕН. О необходимости создания научного стационара полярного земледелия на Ямале. Биосферное хозяйство: теория и практика. 2020;(12):66-74

Моргун ЕН, Абакумов ЕВ. Исследования в области сельского хозяйства и урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур в ЯНАО: ретроспективный анализ (1932-2019 гг.). Научный Вестник ЯНАО.2019;(3):4-10.

Тихановский АН. Влияние удобрений и извести на качество и продуктивность рапса ярового на Обском Севере. Достижения науки и техники в АПК.1991;(3):18.

Черных НИ, Громик ВД. Огородничество на Ямальском Севере: Рекомендации. Новосибирск РАСХН; 1993.

Abakumov EV, Morgun EN. [On the need to create a scientific station for polar agriculture in Yamal]. Biosfernoye Khoziaystvo Teoriya i Praktika. 2020;(12):66-4. (in Russ.)

Morgun EN, Abakumov EV. [Research in the field of agriculture and crop yields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: A retrospective analysis (1932-2019)]. Nauchnyi Vestnik YaNAO;2019;(3):4-10. (in Russ.)

Tikhanovsky AN. [The effect of fertilizers and lime on the quality and productivity of spring rape in the North Ob Region]. Dostizheniya Nauki i Tekhniki v APK;1991;(3):18. (in Russ.)

Chernykh NI, Gromik VD. Ogorodnichestvo na Yamalskom Severe: Rekomendatsii [Gardening in the Yamal North: Recommendations]. Novosibirsk; RAAS; 1993. (in Russ.)

Bojesen MH, Olsen A (Eds.) Agriculture in Greenland – Possibilities and Needs for Future Development and Research. Synthesis Report for Greenland Agricultural Initiative (GRAIN) in cooperation with Greenland Perspective; 2019.

Poeplau C, Schroeder J, Gregorich E, Kurganova I. Farmers’ perspective on agriculture and environmental change in the Circumpolar North of Europe and America. Land. 2019;8(12). doi:10.3390/land8120190

Edwards CJW. Methods of maintaining settled agriculture in Finnish Lapland. Arctic. 1972:25(1):8-20 URL:jstor.org/stable/40508021

Stevenson KT, Alessa L, Kliskey AD, Rader HB, Pantoja A, Clark M. Sustainable agriculture for Alaska and the Circumpolar North: Part I. Development and status of northern agriculture and food security. Artic. 2014;67(3):271-95. doi: 10.14430/arctic4402

Abakumov E, Nizamutdinov T, Morgun E, Loktev R, Kolesnikov R. Agrochemical and pollution status of urbanized agricultural soils in the central part of Yamal region: Energies. 2021;14. doi: 10.3390/en14144080

Nizamutdinov T, Morgun E, Pechkin A, Kostecki J, Greinert A, Abakumov E. Differentiation of trace metal contamination level between different urban functional zones in permafrost affected soils (the example of several cities in the Yamal region, Russian Arctic). Minerals. 2021;11. doi: 10.3390/min11070668

Nizamutdinov T, Abakumov E, Morgun E. Morphological features, productivity and pollution state of abandoned agricultural soils in the Russian Arctic (Yamal Region). One Ecosystem. 2021;6. doi: 10.3897/oneeco.6.e68408

Abakumov E, Zverev A, Morgun E, Alekseev I. Microbiome of abandoned agricultural and mature tundra soils in southern Yamal region, Russian Arctic. Open Agriculture. 2020;5(1):335344. doi: 10.1515/opag-2020-0034




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v13i4.649

© ФОНД НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ "XXI ВЕК"