THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON THE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF PLANT SPECIES IN BASHKIRIAN TRANSURAL REGION

М.Г. Опекунова, В.В. Сомов, Ю.С. Сокульская, С.Ю. Кукушкин, Л.Ю. Царапина, Э.Э. Папян

Abstract


Based on studies carried out in 1998–2014, specific features of chemical elements accumulation by plants species in anthropogenically disturbed and background natural territorial complexes (NTC) of the Bashkirian Transural Region are characterized. Study sites were arranged within the area of natural geochemical anomalies of Krasnouralsk-Sibay-Gaiskoy ore-bearing zone (background NTC) and in anthropogenically polluted NTC at different distances from mining industry facilities. Sulfur and heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Mn) levels and the concentrations of the mobile forms of elements in soils were monitored over 15 years in comparison with heavy metal concentrations in the cuts of above-ground vegetation and in indicator species (Artemisia austriaca Jack., Salvia stepposa Sсhost., Thymus marschallianus Willd., Veronica incana L., Caragana frutex L., Phlomis tuberosa L., Achilea setacea Waldst. et Kit., and Gallium verum L.). Differences in heavy metal accumulation by different agro-botanical groups (cereals, herbs, legumes, sedges, dead grass) were revealed. Based on mobile HM content in soils and indicator plant species, landscape-related and geochemical factors modulated by meteorological conditions are suggested to play the determinative role in HM accumulation by plant biomass. No immediate correlations between the contents of the mobile forms of elements in soils and in plants was found. Instead, there were one or two-year lags between their changes. Indicator plant species were ranked according to their calculated bioaccumulation factors, and the ranked series are suggested for the bioindicator-based estimation of the degrees of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes.

Keywords


plant species, soils, heavy metals, pollution, bioindication.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i2.58

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