Глобальные города: многокритериальная оценка устойчивого развития

И.А. Шмелева, С.Э. Шмелев

Аннотация


Многокритериальная оценка устойчивого (sustainable) и умного (smart) развития городов необходима для реализации нового стратегического направления трансформации городов c целью снижения их воздействия на окружающую среду, увеличения занятости и стимулирования экономического развития и улучшения качества жизни. Анализ показателей устойчивого и умного городского развития в 143 городах мира, включая Лондон, Нью-Йорк, Гонконг, Сан-Франциско, Лос-Анжелес, Сан-Паулу, Рио-де-Жанейро, Буэнос-Айрес, Париж, Берлин, Стокгольм, Москву, Пекин, Сеул, Сингапур, Шанхай, Сидней и Токио, проведен методом многокритериального оценивания по 20 индикаторам. Были выявлены основные факторы, влияющие на выбросы CO2 в городах, включая доли угля и возобновляемых источников (ВИЭ) в энергетике, уровень развития общественного транспорта, особенности велосипедного и пешеходного движения, степень переработки отходов, а также налог на выбросы углерода. Результаты показывают, что среди глобальных городов Сан-Франциско лидирует при выборе экономических и экологических факторов как приоритетных, Стокгольм – при выборе в качестве приоритетных социальной направленности и разумности развития. Сеул показывает очень хорошие показатели по всему спектру индикаторов. В статье обсуждаются стратегии, средства и показатели, которые позволяют городам лидировать в направлении устойчивого и умного развития. Такой подход может быть полезен для лиц, принимающих решения, а также для инвесторов, и может помочь в идентификации связей между различными сторонами устойчивого и умного развития, а также выявлению потенциала устойчивого развития и инвестиционных возможностей в городах.

Ключевые слова


глобальные города, устойчивое развитие, многокритериальное оценивание, выбросы CO2, наилучшие практики

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v11i1.470

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