ЭПИГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ В ПРИСТАЛЬНОМ РАССМОТРЕНИИ

М. Мелони, Дж. Теста

Аннотация


Эпигенетика – одна из самых быстро расширяющихся областей естественных наук. Ее взлет часто представляют как революционный переворот, возвещающий новую эру как для эпистемологии, ориентированной на гены, так и для более широкого рассмотрения природы жизни в насыщенном знаниями обществе века молекулярных исследований. Но основы этой революции все еще надо выяснить, и действительно, сами контуры того, что считается «эпигенетическим», зачастую размыты. Это отражено и в ширящемся дискурсе о социальном значении эпигенетики, где большие ожидания сочетаются со значительной неопределенностью относительно того, какие аспекты этой науки наиболее актуальны как для политиков, так и для политики в целом. Поэтому сейчас самое подходящее время подумать о направлениях в исследовании этой революции, которые было бы полезнее всего принять в социологии. Здесь мы используем эту возможность в ее обоих аспектах, академическом и нормативном, и предложим «дорожную карту» для социологического теоретизирования относительно эпигенетики, которое не только не уведет в сторону от выделения тех ее результатов, которые имеют наибольшее социальное значение, но, можно надеяться, сориентирует на них. С этой целью мы начнем эпистемологическую переоценку эпигенетического дискурса для ревальвации его расплывчатых смыслов в качестве важнейшего ресурса всей этой области и предпочтительной отправной точки для анализа. Затем мы предложим для анализа три пути. Первый – рассмотреть структурные элементы противоречий и мнений, сложившихся вокруг эпигенетики. Второй – прозондировать общее между эпигенетическим переосмыслением феноменов жизни и нормативными установками, определяющими индивидуальную и коллективную ответственность. Третий – пролить свет на материальный выход эпигенетики и опосредованную им микроструктуризацию культуры. Мы предполагаем, что эти три комплементарные нити зададут как эпистемологические, так и социологические внутренне рефлексивные рамки для дальнейшего изучения эпигенетики как молекулярного сочленения между врожденными задатками и условиями их реализации, природой и воспитанием, и, таким образом, как нового и важнейшего фронта социальных исследований наук о жизни.

Ключевые слова


эпигенетика, фантазии, микроструктуризация, пластичность, ответственность, социальная политика.

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i4.129

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