Биологический контроль заболеваний злаковых культур c применением бактерий рода Pantoea

Ю. Р. Серазетдинова, Д. Е. Колпакова, Е. Е. Бородина, И. И. Плешивцев, А. В. Гордиенко, Л. К. Асякина, А. Ю. Просеков

Аннотация


Рассмотрена проблема снижения продуктивности злаковых культур грибковыми (Fusarium, Puccinia, Zymoseptoria, Botrytis) и бактериальными (Xanthomonas и Erwinia) фитопатегенами. Обсуждены данные о разнообразии грибковых и бактериальных фитопатогенов, поражающих злаковые культуры, и о молекулярных механизмах их действия. Отмечены ключевые фитопатогены и особенности развития заболеваний. Проанализированы исследования механизмов антагонистической активности, направленной на подавление развития фитопатогенов. В контексте поиска альтернатив химическим средствам защиты растений повышается интерес к бактериям рода Pantoea как к перспективным агентам биологического контроля. Анализируются механизмы защиты растений бактериями рода Pantoea, в том числе механизмы стимуляции иммунитета и антагонистические соединения, что может способствовать разработке инновационных инокулянтов для комплексного контроля заболеваний. Штаммы бактерий рода Pantoea, ассоциированные с растениями, демонстрируют высокую эффективность в стимуляции роста злаковых культур. Этот эффект достигается действием различных механизмов, влияющих на способность фиксировать атмосферный азот, продуцировать фитогормоны и сидерофоры, солюбилизировать фосфаты и калий. Таким образом, род Pantoea является перспективным для разработки комплексных биологических средств защиты растений от фитопатогенов и для развития экологически чистых способов ведения сельского хозяйства, снижающих чрезмерное использование химических удобрений и пестицидов.


 

Ключевые слова


органическое земледелие, биопестициды, Pantoea, фитопатогены

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v17i3.1006

EDN: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=JTQYYG

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